The requirement to present a birth certificate in order to enrol in school may be prescribed by local, regional or national law

Pupil / textbook ratio is the average number of pupils for every textbook in schools

Percentage of household expenditure on education is the total average cost per month per family for a student in a school as a percentage of total household expenditure. Examples of educational expenses include: enrolment fees, tuition fees, uniforms, school supplies and educational materials, school meals and school transport and other payments necessary to effectively access education, such as payment for water, security etc.

The percentage of students for whom the actual (rather than straight line) distance they are required to travel in order to get to school from their house exceeds 5km

Total number of teachers who have received the minimum organised teacher-training (pre-service or in-service) required for teaching at the relevant level of education in a given country, expressed as a percentage of the total number of teachers at the same level of education (Source: UIS)

Number of required years of education for qualified teachers is the number of years of higher education required in a country to be a teacher at a given level of education

This indicator measures the number of years of education required for school teachers to meet certification requirements to teach at a given level of education (Source: Audrey Chapman (2007) Development of Indicators for Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: The Rights to Education, Participation in Cultural Life and Access to the Benefits of Science: p.148)

Transparent procedures include, inter alia, publicly available information about the requirements needed to apply for a teaching position for each level of education and the process for selecting the candidates

Pupil / teacher ratio is the number of pupils enrolled at a given level of education divided by the number of teachers at that level (regardless of teaching assignment)

Percentage of schools without first-aid kits is the share of schools without first-aid kits