This indicator measures the number of reported threats and/or intimidations perpetrated by armed forces or armed groups (from government and/or opposition groups) against students, teachers and other educational personnel in the last 12 months or during another designated period of time. It only includes threats and intimidations when students, teachers and/or personnel are targeted due to their status as students/teachers/personnel.
Virtual library of the Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary General for Children and Armed Conflict, OCHA’s Humanitarian Data Exchange’s Education and Conflict Monitor, the reports of the Global Coalition to Protect Education from Attack (GCPEA), and GCPEA and Insecurity Insight’s Education in Danger newsbrief.
Article 1 (A), Article 2 (1), Article 13 (1,4), International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights; Article 29 (2), Convention on the Rights of the Child; Article 2, Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict; Articles 4, 13, 32, 50 & 94, Geneva Convention IV; Article 48, 49, 50, 51, 57, 58, 77 & 78, Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions; Art 4 (2, 3° Additional Protocol II to the Geneva Conventions; International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance; Article 2 (2) Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment; Article 1 (A), Article 2 (1), International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; Article 7, (g) (i) & article 8 (2) (b) (ix), Rome Statute;; Article 13 (5), Protocol of San Salvador; Article 11 (7), African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child; Article 14 (3), European Union Charter of Fundamental Rights; Article 27 (3) ILO Convention 169; Article 18, Council of Europe Convention on the Protection of Children against Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse. UN Security Council resolutions: 1261 (1999), 1314 (2000), 1379 (2001), 1460 (2003), 1539 (2004), 1612 (2005), 1820 (2008), 1882 (2009), 1998 (2011), 2068 (2012), 2143 (2014), 2225 (2015), 2427 (2018).
Add up all the reported incidents identified and qualified as threats and/or intimidations in the indicator Have students, teachers and other educational personnel been attacked at or on the way to or coming back from schools, universities or other educational facilities? (Disaggregation level IIA).
Students, teachers, and other personnel may be subject to threats or be intimidated by parties to conflict if suspected, for example, to support the other party to the conflict. A high number of reported threats and/or intimidations may lead to an insecurity climate. Parents may fear sending their children to school, teachers and school staff may fear repression and avoid going to work. As a result, there might be an increase in drop-out and teacher absenteeism rate. The indicator can be applied at a regional, national or subnational level.