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UNESCO  and  partners  held  a  side  meeting during  the  Transforming  Education  Pre-Summit,  at  UNESCO  Headquarters entitled ‘Transforming  education:  the  need  to  expand  the  international  legal  framework’.  The  report presents the main issues raised and  suggested  areas requiring  further  protection  in  the  international  legal framework on the right to education. 

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Higher education is too often dissociated from the right to education. In many countries tuition fees are on the rise, and only the privileged have access to, or succeed in completing, higher education, making it difficult to argue that there is an actual right to higher education to be enforced. However, international human rights law is clear: the right to education includes the obligation of states to ensure that higher education is made accessible to all based on capacity.

In addition, states have an obligation to progressively introduce free higher education, an obligation which is yet to be implemented globally. Confronted with drastic changes worldwide in terms of rising inequalities, human movement, growing digitalization and the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is high time to clarify existing obligations as well as what aspects of the right to higher education might require further explanation considering new contexts and challenges.

This publication aims to help guide policy-makers, civil society and the international education community, to fully enforce the right to higher education and ensure that the human-rights based approach is placed at the heart of the higher education debate.

The Right to Education Initiative's 2020 Annual Report includes information about our strategy, our team and our supporters, and details activities and key achievements throughout the year. 

Our work would not be possible without the generous support of our donors, whose contribution is noted in this report.

A global study of attacks on schools, universities, their students and staff, in 2020 and 2021.

Education is under attack around the world. From Afghanistan to Colombia, Mali to Thailand, students and teachers are killed, raped, and abducted, while schools and universities are bombed, burned down, and used for military purposes.

In 2020 and 2021, there were more than 5,000 reported attacks on education and incidents of military use of schools and universities, harming more than 9,000 students and educators in at least 85 countries. On average, six attacks on education or incidents of military use occurred each day.

In the 28 countries profiled in this report, at least 10 attacks on education occurred over the past 2 years.

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L’éducation est un droit humain fondamental en vertu du droit international. Alors que tout le monde devrait pouvoir s’en prévaloir, les migrants font face à de multiples obstacles dans l’exercice de leur droit à l’éducation. Dans le présent rapport, la Rapporteuse spéciale s’attache à comprendre ces obstacles et examine la situation, de facto et de jure, du droit à l’éducation des migrantes et des migrants dans le monde.

À l’issue de l’analyse des cadres juridiques internationaux et régionaux et de plus de 500 documents établis sur la question par des organisations non gouvernementales (ONG) et des organismes des Nations Unies, la Rapporteuse spéciale présente ses principales conclusions au regard du cadre des 4 A relatif au droit à l’éducation (adéquation des ressources, accessibilité, acceptabilité et adaptabilité), ainsi qu’au regard de questions transversales touchant l’identité. La Rapporteuse spéciale met en évidence les enjeux clés s’agissant de garantir le droit à l’éducation des migrantes et des migrants, notamment les capacités des établissements publics d’enseignement, et les difficultés rencontrées par les migrants pour accéder à des structures d’enseignement et à une éducation de qualité qui tiennent compte des besoins spécifiques des groupes de migrants.

Elle présente des grandes recommandations tendant à améliorer la protection du droit des migrants à l’éducation et à garantir la pleine jouissance par les migrants de ce droit par la mise en œuvre du cadre des 4 A en faveur du droit à l’éducation.

 

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The present report is submitted to the General Assembly pursuant to Human Rights Council resolutions 8/4 and 44/3. In the report, the Special Rapporteur on the right to education, Koumbou Boly Barry, considers early childhood care and education (ECCE) from a human rights-based perspective, reflecting the multisectoral needs of children and their caregivers.

ECCE combines the education and care requirements of children from birth to 8 years of age. The concept demonstrates that the right to education is indivisible from the rights to health, housing, food, water and sanitation, as well as cultural rights, among others. While the importance of ECCE has been widely recognized in humanitarian and developmental fields, it has been insufficiently codified in human rights law. The Special Rapporteur considers the human rights-based aspects of ECCE and recommends the creation of a human rights instrument on ECCE.

 

FRANÇAIS     ESPAÑOL     ARABIC

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ا هـــذا التا م ةلت الرمالـــق اللـــامـــق عماإل جا ا لي مرلس حاوق اإلنســ ـ ـ ــ ـ ـ ـ ـاي ُ .3/44 و 4/8 و التا م ، نظ الما لة اليا ــق الملنلق جالح التلللم، كومبو بول جالي، مســعلق ال عا ق والت بلق م حلق الطفولق المبك ة من منظول قائم علت حاوق اإلنســ ـ ـاي، مما لكس ااحتلاجات المتلدطة الاطاعات لألطفال ومادم ال عا ق لهم. و رمع ال عـا ـق والت بلـق م حلـق الطفولـق المبك ة بحن احتلـاجـات األطفـال من ال عـا ـق والت بلـق منـذ الواطة وحتت ســـن الثامنق. ومبحن هذا المفهوا أي الح التلللم ا ينفصـــم عن الح الصـــحق والســـكن والغذاء والملاه وخدمات الصــ ــ ب الصــ ــح ، ضــ ــاإل عن الحاوق الثااخلق، من بحن حاوق أخ . وعلت ال م من أي أهملق ال عا ق والت بلق م حلق الطفولق المبك ة حظت جاعت اب واسـع النطاق المرالحن اإلنسـان والنمائ ، إنها لم دوي جشــ ــكا كاب قانوي حاوق اإلنســ ــاي. و نظ الما لة اليا ــ ــق جوان ال عا ق والت بلق م حلق الطفولق المبك ة الت ا ع حاوق اإلنسـ ـاي و و ـ ـ بولـ ـع ـ ـا لحاوق اإلنسـ ـاي جشـ ـعي ال عا ق والت بلق م حلق الطفولق المبك ة.

 

ENGLISH     ESPAÑOL    FRANÇAIS

En este informe, que se presenta a la Asamblea General de conformidad con lo dispuesto en las resoluciones 8/4 y 44/3 del Consejo de Derechos Humanos, la Relatora Especial sobre el derecho a la educación, Koumbou Boly Barry, examina la atención y la educación de la primera infancia desde una perspectiva basada en los derechos humanos, lo que refleja las necesidades multisectoriales de los niños y de quienes los cuidan.

La atención y la educación de la primera infancia combinan las necesidades de educación y de atención de los menores de 8 años, concepto que demuestra que el derecho a la educación es indivisible de los derechos a la salud, la vivienda, la alimentación, el agua y el saneamiento, así como de los derechos culturales, entre otros. Si bien se reconoce ampliamente la importancia de la atención y la educación de la primera infancia en los ámbitos humanitarios y de desarrollo, estas no están codificadas en el derecho de los derechos humanos. La Relatora Especial examina la atención y la educación de la primera infancia desde una perspectiva basada en los derechos humanos y recomienda que se redacte un instrumento de derechos humanos al respecto.

 

ENGLISH     FRANÇAIS     ARABIC

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Le présent rapport est soumis à l’Assemblée générale en application des résolutions 8/4 et 44/3 du Conseil des droits de l’homme. Dans le présent rapport, la Rapporteuse spéciale sur le droit à l’éducation, Koumbou Boly Barry, s’intéresse à l’éducation et à la protection de la petite enfance (EPPE) sous l’angle des droits humains, en considérant les besoins multisectoriels des enfants et de celles et ceux qui s’occupent d’eux.

L’éducation et la protection de la petite enfance est une notion qui combine l’apprentissage et les soins dont les enfants ont besoin de la naissance à l’âge de 8 ans, et qui témoigne du fait que le droit à l’éducation est indissociable des droits à la santé, au logement, à l’alimentation, à l’eau et à l’assainissement, ainsi que des droits culturels, et d’autres encore. Si l’importance de l’éducation et de la protection de la petite enfance a été largement reconnue dans les cercles humanitaires et dans le domaine du développement, c’est une notion qui n’a pas été suffisamment codifiée dans le droit des droits humains. La Rapporteuse spéciale se penche sur les aspects de l’éducation et de la protection de la petite enfance qui relèvent des droits humains et recommande que leur soit consacré un instrument des droits humains à part entière.

 

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There is undisputed recognition of the critical importance of the first years of a child’s life for development and that ensuring access to quality Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) provides tremendous benefits throughout life. Yet, despite progress made in recent years, the most disadvantaged continue to face considerable challenges in accessing quality and inclusive early childhood programmes and services with great disparities within and across countries.
 
The expanding digital environment and the wide-ranging modes of ECCE settings, further underline the need for greater state guidance.Perhaps more so than any other age group, children, from birth to the age of eight, require legal and policy measures that ensure a holistic, integrated and multisectoral approach, as not only are they highly dependent on their parents and caregivers, but their education, health, care and development are all firmly interconnected, making the realization of ECCE rights particularly complex.
 
Besides, as the right to education begins at birth and continues throughout life, adopting a lifelong learning approach has now become a fundamental right from the early years, including through ensuring equitable access to quality, free and compulsory pre-primary education.By adopting a rights-based approach, this thematic report aims to unravel the existing rights and obligations that states should comply with while evaluating how, in light of today's challenges, the right to ECCE can be further protected in the international human rights framework and national education systems. ECCE is a human right yet significant inequalities persist in terms of access to quality services with those who would benefit most often excluded.
 
This Thematic Report was published in the context of the World Conference on Early Childhood Education and Care 2022 and is the result of a fruitful collaboration between UNESCO, the Right to Education Initiative (RTE), Human Rights Watch (HRW), the World Organization for Early Childhood Education (OMEP), the Oxford Human Rights Hub (Oxford University), the UN Special Rapporteur on the right to education (OHCHR), and the Latin American Campaign for the Right to education (CLADE).

 

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