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Japan
Ministry
of Foreign Affairs of Japan
Rights-based
development
Education defined as a human
right?
Commitment to free and compulsory
education
Non-discrimination
(race, ethnicity, religion, minority, disability)
Gender
Trends in Japan’s Aid
Aid for Education
Rights-based
development
" ‘Human-centered development’
is indispensable to the realisation of sustainable development…Based
on this human-centered approach, special attention will be given
to the least developed countries. Due attention will also be focused
on ‘human security’ and the protection of individuals and communities
from various dangers and threats, including…human rights infringements…"1
"Japan continues to view ODA as an
extremely important means of implementing the country's diplomacy…[t]he
provision of ODA excelling both in terms of quantity and quality
continues to be an important means for Japan's participation in
the efforts of the international community and for realizing the
national interest. Providing ODA to support democratization and
adoption of market economies in developing countries, to maintain
and promote the free trade system, and to work toward resolving
environmental and other global issues also directly promotes Japan's
own interests." 2
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Education defined as a human right?
"Not only is access to education
a basic human right, it is a key factor in developing an effective
response to the problems of poverty, population, and the environment
in developing countries." 3
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Commitment to free and compulsory education
There is no mention of commitment to
free and compulsory education in Japan's development aid policies.
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Non-discrimination (race, ethnicity, religion,
minority, disability)
"Japan will emphasize support for policy
and institutional development, including the development of legal
frameworks, in the… Protection of socially vulnerable groups and
individuals." 4
"Measures for the Effective Implementation
of ODA… Full consideration will be given to the socially weak, such
as the disadvantaged, children and the elderly" 5
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Gender
"Japan will provide the following forms
of support…Japan will pay special attention to supporting basic
education for girls…" 6
"Full consideration will be given
to the active participation of women in development, and to their
obtaining benefits from development." 7
"When Japan extends ODA, it gives consideration
to achieving empowerment and gender equality…Special attention will
be paid to the Three Priority Areas: Education, Health and Economic
and Social Participation." 8
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Trends in Japan's Aid
- In 1999, 0.7% of bilateral aid commitments
were tied to goods and services from Japan.11
- According to the Ministry of Foreign
Affairs of Japan, "the total ODA budget in the government
draft budget for FY 2001 decreased by 3 percent from the previous
fiscal year.12
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Aid for Education
- · In 1999, Japan committed 8.7%
of bilateral ODA to Education, and 0.4% to basic education. 13
- · In 1997/98 Japan committed 3.0%
of bilateral ODA to basic social services. 14
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1 Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. Japan's Medium-term
Policy on Official Development Assistance, August 10, 1999. Text
at http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/oda/summary/1999/ref2_01.html
2 Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. Diplomatic Bluebook
2001, (Chapter II, Section 3,A.) Text at http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/other/bluebook/2001/index.html
3 Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. Japan's Medium-term
Policy on Official Development Assistance.
4 Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. Japan's Medium-term
Policy on Official Development Assistance.
5 Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. Japan's Official
Development Assistance Charter, June 30,1992. Text at http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/oda/summary/1999/ref1.html
6 Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. Japan's Medium-term
Policy on Official Development Assistance.
7 Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. Japan's Official
Development Assistance Charter.
8 The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. Japan's Initiative
on Women in Development. Text at http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/oda/category/wid/japan.html
9 DAC/OECD. Development Co-operation Report, 2000.
10 DAC/OECD. Development Co-operation Report, 2000.
11 DAC/OECD. Development Co-operation Report, 2000.
12 Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. Diplomatic Bluebook,
2001. (Chapter II, Section 3,B.)
13 DAC/OECD. Development Co-operation Report, 2000.
14 DAC/OECD. Development Co-operation Report, 2000.
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