[International obligations and access to remedies]

Turkey back --» back to introduction --» United Nations Treaties Date of admission to UN: 24 October 1945. - Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination - CEDAW Acceded: 20 December 1985 Reports submitted/due: 3/4 Reservation to article 29. - Convention on the Rights of the Child - CRC Ratified: 4 April 1995. Reports submitted/due: 1/2 Reservation: The Republic of Turkey reserves the right to interpret and apply the provisions of articles 17, 29 and 30 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child according to the letter and the spirit of the Constitution of the Republic of Turkey and those of the Treaty of Lausanne of 24 July 1923. ILO treaties ILO 87 Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention (1948) - date of ratification: 12.07.1993 ILO 98 Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention (1949) - date of ratification: 23.01.1952 ILO 111 Convention concerning Discrimination in Respect of Employment and Occupation (1958) - date of ratification: 19.07.1967 ILO 138 Minimum Age Convention (1973) - date of ratification: 30.10.1998. ILO 182 Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention (1999) - date of ratification: 02.08.2001 European System Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms - European Convention - ECHR Date of Ratification: 18.05.1954 Protocol Nº 01 to the European Convention Date of Ratification: 18.05.1954 Reservation: Having seen and examined the Convention and the Protocol (First), we have approved the same with the reservation set out in respect of Article 2 of the Protocol by reason of the provisions of Law No. 6366 voted by the National Grand Assembly of Turkey dated 10 March 1954. Constitutional Guarantees of the right to education Date of adoption/date of entry into force - 7 November 1982 Relevant Provisions (…) Part 2 - Fundamental rights and duties Chapter 2 - The rights and duties of the individual VI - Freedom of religion and conscience Art.24 (…) Education and instruction in religion and ethics shall be conducted under state supervision and control. Instruction in religious culture and moral education shall be compulsory in the curricula of primary and secondary schools. Other religious education and instruction shall be subject to the individual's own desire, and in the case of minors, to the request of their legal representatives. Chapter 3 - Social and economic rights and duties II - Right and duty of training and education Art.42 No one shall be deprived of the right of learning and education. The scope of the right to education shall be defined and regulated by law. Training and education shall be conducted along the lines of the principles and reforms of Atatürk, on the basis of contemporary science and education methods, under the supervision and control of the State. Institutions of training and education contravening these provisions shall not be established. The freedom of training and education does not relieve the individual from loyalty to the Constitution. Primary education is compulsory for all citizens of both sexes and is free of charge in State schools. The principles governing the functioning of private primary and secondary schools shall be regulated by law in keeping with the standards set for State schools. The State shall provide scholarships and other means of assistance to enable students of merit lacking financial means to continue their education. The State shall take necessary measures to rehabilitate those in need of special training so as to render such people useful to society. Training, education, research, and study are the only activities that shall be pursued at institutions of training and education. These activities shall not be obstructed in any way. No language other than Turkish shall be taught as mother tongue to Turkish citizens at any institutions of training or education. Foreign languages to be taught in institutions of training and education and the rules to be followed by schools conducting training and education in a foreign language shall be determined by law. The provisions of international treaties are reserved. Part 3 - Fundamental organs of the Republic Chapter 2 - The executive IV - Administration E - Institutions of higher education and their higher bodies Art.130 (…) Universities comprising several units will be established by the State and by law as public corporations having autonomy in teaching, assigned to educate, train at different levels after secondary education, and conduct research, (…). Universities and units attached to them are under the control and supervision of the State and their security is ensured by the State.