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United Nations Treaties
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Date of admission to UN: 10 December 1945.
- International Covenant on Economic Social and Cultural Rights - ICESCR
Ratified: 11 December 1978.
Reports submitted/due: 2/3
No reservation related to the right to education.
- International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights - ICCPR
Ratified: 11 December 1978.
Reports submitted/due: 3/3
No reservation related to the right to education.
Optional Protocol: ratified: 11 December 1978.
- International Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Racial Discrimination - CERD
Ratified: 10 December 1971.
Reports submitted/due: 14/15
No reservations.
- Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination - CEDAW
Ratified: 23 July 1991.
Reports submitted/due: 3/3
No reservations.
- Convention on the Rights of the Child - CRC
Ratified: 6 February 1995
Reports submitted/due: 1/2
No reservation related to the right to education.
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ILO treaties
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ILO 87 Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention (1948) - date of ratification: 07.03.1950
ILO 98 Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention (1949) - date of ratification: 22.12.1993
ILO 111 Convention concerning Discrimination in Respect of Employment and Occupation (1958) - date of ratification: 15.03.1973
ILO 138 Minimum Age Convention (1973) - date of ratification: 14.09.1976.
ILO 169 Convention concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries (1989) - date of ratification: 02.02.1998
ILO 182 Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention (1999) - date of ratification: 14.02.2002
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European System
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Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms - European Convention - ECHR
Date of Ratification: 31.08.1954
Protocol Nº 01 to the European Convention
Date of Ratification: 31.08.1954
Declaration: In the opinion of the Netherlands, the State should not only respect the rights of parents in the matter of education but, if need be, ensure the possibility of exercising those rights by appropriate financial measures.
European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages
Date of Ratification: 02.05.1996
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Constitutional Guarantees
of the right to education
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Date of adoption/date of entry into force - 17 February 1983
Relevant Provisions
(…)
Chapter 1 - Fundamental rights
Art.23
(1) Education shall be the constant concern of the Government.
(2) All persons shall be free to provide education, without prejudice to the authorities' right of supervision and, with regard to forms of education designated by law, its right to examine the competence and moral integrity of teachers, to be regulated by Act of Parliament.
(3) Education provided by public authorities shall be regulated by Act of Parliament, paying due respect to everyone's religion or belief.
(4) The authorities shall ensure that primary education is provided in a sufficient number of public-authority schools in every municipality. Deviations from this provision may be permitted under rules to be established by Act of Parliament on condition that there is opportunity to receive the said form of education.
(5) The standards required of schools financed either in part or in full from public funds shall be regulated by Act of Parliament, with due regard, in the case of private schools, to the freedom to provide education according to religious or other belief.
(6) The requirements for primary education shall be such that the standards both of private schools fully financed from public funds and of public schools are fully guaranteed. The relevant provisions shall respect in particular the freedom of private schools to choose their teaching methods and to appoint teachers as they see fit.
(7) Private primary schools that satisfy the conditions laid down by Act of Parliament shall be financed from public funds according to the same standards as public-authority schools. The conditions under which private secondary education and pre-university education shall receive contributions from public funds shall be laid down by Act of Parliament.
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