[International obligations and access to remedies]

Italy back --» back to introduction --» United Nations Treaties Date of admission to UN: 14 December 1955. - International Covenant on Economic Social and Cultural Rights - ICESCR Ratified: 15 September 1978. Reports submitted/due: 3/4 No reservations - International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights - ICCPR Ratified: 15 September 1978. Reports submitted/due: 4/5 No reservation related to the right to education. Optional Protocol: ratified: 15 September 1978. - International Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Racial Discrimination - CERD Ratified: 5 January 1976. Reports submitted/due: 13/13 No reservations. - Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination - CEDAW Ratified: 10 June 1985. Reports submitted/due: 3/5 No reservation related to the right to education. - Convention on the Rights of the Child - CRC Ratified: 5 September 1991. Reports submitted/due: 2/2 No reservations. ILO treaties ILO 87 Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention (1948) - date of ratification: 13.05.1958 ILO 98 Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention (1949) - date of ratification: 13.05.1958 ILO 111 Convention concerning Discrimination in Respect of Employment and Occupation (1958) - date of ratification: 12.08.1963 ILO 138 Minimum Age Convention (1973) - date of ratification: 28.07.1981. ILO 182 Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention (1999) - date of ratification: 07.06.2000 European System Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms - European Convention - ECHR Date of Ratification: 26.10.1955 Protocol Nº 01 to the European Convention Date of Ratification: 26.10.1955 European Social Charter (revised) Date of Ratification: 05.07.1999 Additional Protocol to the European Social Charter providing for a System of Collective Complaints (158) Date of Ratification: 03.11.1997 Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities Date of Ratification: 03.11.1997 Constitutional Guarantees of the right to education Date of adoption/date of entry into force - 22 December 1947 Relevant Provisions (…) Part I - Rights and duties of private citizens Title II - Ethical and social relations Art.33 The freedom of art and science and freedom of instruction in them is affirmed. The Republic lays down general rules for education and establishes public schools of all kinds and grades. Organizations and private citizens are entitled to found schools and educational institutions which do not involve charges on the State. The law, in laying down the rights and obligations of private schools which apply for official recognition, must ensure for them full liberty and for their pupils conditions equivalent to those of the public schools. (…) Institutions of higher learning, universities and academies have the right to draft their own regulations within the limits laid down by State legislation. Art.34 (1) Education is available to everyone. (2) Elementary education, imparted for at least eight years, is compulsory and free. (3) Capable and deserving pupils, even if without financial resources, are entitled to attain the highest grades of learning. The Republic gives effect to this privilege by means of scholarships, of contributions to the families of the pupils, and other provisions, to be obtained by competitive examination.