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United Nations Treaties
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Date of admission to UN: 24 October 1945..
- International Covenant on Economic Social and Cultural Rights - ICESCR
Ratified: 27 March 2001.
Reports submitted/due: 1/2
No reservation related to the right to education.
- International Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Racial Discrimination - CERD
Acceded: 29 December 1981.
Reports submitted/due: 9/10
Reservations and Declarations: General declaration and article 22.
- Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination - CEDAW
Ratified: 4 November 1980.
Reports submitted/due: 4/5
Reservations and Declarations: Article 29(1). China has entered reservations on articles 1, 11(2), 15(3), 15(4), and 29(1) in respect to the provisions of the Conventions as applied to Hong Kong.
- Convention on the Rights of the Child - CRC
Ratified: 2 March 1992.
Reports submitted/due: 1/2
No reservation related to the right to education.
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ILO treaties
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ILO 138 Minimum Age Convention (1973) - date of ratification: 28.04.1999
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Constitutional Guarantees
of the right to education
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Date of adoption/date of entry into force - 4 December 1982
Relevant Provisions
Chapter 1 - General principles
Art.19
(1) The State develops socialist educational undertakings and works to raise the scientific and cultural level of the whole nation.
(2) The State runs schools of various types, makes primary education compulsory and universal, develops secondary, vocational and higher education, and promotes pre-school education.
(3) The State develops educational facilities of various types in order to wipe out illiteracy and provide political, cultural, scientific, technical, and professional education for workers, peasants, State functionaries and other working people. It encourages people to become educated through independent study.
(4) The State encourages the collective economic organizations, State enterprises and undertakings, and other social forces to set up educational institutions of various types in accordance with the law.
(5) The State promotes the nationwide use of Putonghua. [Mandarin]
Art.24
The State strengthens the building of socialist spiritual civilization through spreading education in high ideals and morality, general education and education in discipline and the legal system (…).
The State (…) educates the people in patriotism, collectivism, internationalism and communism and in dialectical and historical materialism (…).
Chapter 2 - The fundamental rights and duties of citizens
Art.36
(…) No one may make use of religion to engage in activities that disrupt public order, impair the health of citizens or interfere with the educational system of the State.
Art.46
Citizens of the People's Republic of China have the duty as well as the right to receive education.
The State promotes the all-round moral, intellectual and physical development of children and young people.
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