| School-leaving age |
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From CRC/C/70/Add.19 of 18 June 2003
214. The education system, which includes pre-school education, free primary education and equal access to secondary, higher and university education, as well as the regulation and funding of education, were described in the initial report.
From CRC/C/8/Add.25 of 30 May 1995
13. The right of children to education and training is determined in article 57 of the Constitution. Primary education is compulsory and is financed with public money. Under the Primary School Acts (1980, 1986), compulsory primary education lasts eight years, i.e. until the age of 15. As the Act also stipulates one year preparation for primary school, the length of compulsory primary education is actually nine years, starting at the age of six.
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| Minimum age of employment |
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From CRC/C/70/Add.19 of 18 June 2003
286. This provision was explained in the initial report.
288. The new Employment Act, which is currently in parliamentary procedure, contains a special chapter on the protection of children, which is not defined in the legislation in force. The proposed Employment Act in this section regulates:
- The practical training of apprentices, and secondary school and university students within educational programmes;
- Labour conditions for children under 15;
- The application of certain security provisions of this Act to the above-stated cases, to temporary or occasional work by secondary school and university students over 15, and to volunteer apprenticeship.
289. Children under 15 are prohibited from working; only exceptionally are children allowed to participate in film-making and theatrical performances and in the preparation and display of works of art and other works from the areas of culture, sports and advertising activities against payment. Children over 13 may carry out light work for a maximum period of 30 days in any given calendar year, and other activities during school holidays, in the manner, within the scope and on condition that such work does not endanger their safety, health, morals or education. The types of light work are determined by executive regulations. Children may perform this work with the prior permission of the labour inspector; such permission is issued on the basis of an application made by the child's legal representative. The working hours of children under 15 who carry out light work during the summer holidays may not exceed 7 hours a day or 35 hours a week. The working hours for labour carried out by a child during the school year and outside the school timetable may not exceed 2 hours a day or 12 hours a week. Children are prohibited from doing night work between 8 p.m. and 6 a.m. Children must be guaranteed a daily rest period of 14 consecutive hours in each 24-hour period.
291. Young people may not carry out hard physical work that may endanger their health or have a harmful effect on their health or on their physical development, or cause psychological damage. The maximum working hours for a young worker are 8 hours a day or 40 hours a week, which means that young people may not be engaged in overtime work. The rest period between two successive workdays must not be shorter than 12 hours. When workers under 18 work a minimum of 4.5 hours a day, they have the right to a 30-minute break. In contrast to the legislation in force, there is uniform prohibition of night work for all young people between 10 p.m. and 6 a.m. Exceptions may only be made in the event of force majeure, or when adult workers are not available, provided that during the three weeks following such night work young people are assured an appropriate rest period. The annual vacation for young people must, by reason of their age, be extended by seven days.
From CRC/C/8/Add.25 of 30 May 1995
151. The Law on Basic Rights in Employment (1989, 1990) determines in article 8 that a person may become employed if he/she has reached the age of 15 and if his/her general health permits it. The same age requirement applies to work under temporary service contracts (the Law on Labour Relations, 1990, 1991). For strenuous work, the age of 16 or 18 may be required or prescribed, or such work may be forbidden to young people altogether.
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| Minimum age for marriage |
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From CRC/C/70/Add.19 of 18 June 2003
62. […] The provisions contained in the legislation on marriage and family relations, health care, education and training, employment, military service and penal legislation specify in detail the rights of children, depending on their age and maturity. These provisions were explained in the initial report.
From CRC/C/8/Add.25 of 30 May 1995
15. The legal age for marriage is 18 (the Law on Matrimony and Family Relationships, art. 18). Where good grounds exist, the Centre for Social Work may allow a person under age to marry.
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| Minimum age for criminal responsibility |
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From CRC/C/70/Add.19 of 18 June 2003
265. Children under the age of 14 continue to be considered unable to violate criminal law (14-16 = young minor, over 16 = older minor, from 18 = young adult). Children are dealt with by the social services, no criminal sanctions may be applied against them, and no educational or safety measures may be administered against them.
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