At What Age?...
...are school-children employed, married and taken to court?
Russian Federation
Source: CRC/C/65/Add. 5 Date: 20 November 1998
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School-leaving age

309. Basic general education is compulsory until the pupil reaches 15 years of age. There is no legal minimum age for admission; the age of admission is set by the Statutes of the educational establishment. The maximum age for receipt of basic general education in a general school is set at 18 years, but that limit may be extended for children and adolescents with deviations in development and with (socially dangerous) deviant behaviour who are in educational and work establishments and in corrective labour establishments. […]

Minimum age of employment

71. Under current Russian legislation:

(e) Nobody less than 15 years old may be hired for work. It is permissible for a pupil who has reached 14 years of age to be hired for light work in his or her free time, with parental consent, provided that there is no risk of damage to the child's health and no disruption of education; the amount of time that may be worked is reduced for workers less than 18 years old; the employment of workers less than 18 years old on heavy work, on work under harmful or hazardous conditions, work underground or work the performance of which may damage moral development is prohibited (Labour Code of the Russian Federation);

72. The minimum age at which children may be hired for work coincides with their age of completion of compulsory schooling and is 15 years.

448. The Russian Federation is a party to the ILO conventions on child labour: No. 29 (Forced Labour Convention, 1930) and No. 138 (Minimum Age Convention, 1973).

Minimum age for marriage

71. Under current Russian legislation:

(f) The minimum age for marriage is 18 years. Should there be valid reasons the local authorities may permit the marriage of individuals who have reached the age of 16. On the basis of the laws of members of the Russian Federation, marriage below the age of 16 years may be permitted as an exception (Family Code of the Russian Federation);

Minimum age for criminal responsibility

381. The setting of the lower age limit for criminal responsibility is a specific feature of Russian criminal law. Under present-day conditions and having regard to historical and cultural features the 1996 Criminal Code set this limit in an alternative way. Individuals who have reached 16 years of age at the time of the perpetration of an offence have general criminal responsibility for all types of offence. Criminal responsibility commences at the age of 14 years for some types of offence, namely: murder, premeditated causing of grievous bodily harm, premeditated causing of moderately severe bodily harm, kidnapping, rape, indecent assault, theft, robbery, robbery with violence, extortion, taking and driving a car or other vehicle without the permission of the owner but without intent to steal, premeditated destruction of or damage to property with aggravating circumstances, terrorism, hostage taking, deliberately giving false information concerning an act of terrorism, hooliganism with aggravating circumstances, vandalism, misappropriation or extortion of a weapon, ammunition, explosives and explosive devices, misappropriation or extortion of narcotics or psychotropic substances, and rendering vehicles or means of communication unfit for use.