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From CRC/C/83/Add. 4 of 17 June 2002
41. Under section 34 of the Schools Act (Act No. 29/1984 Coll. on elementary schools, secondary schools, and post-secondary occupational schools) compulsory education begins at the beginning of the school year following the day when a child reaches the age of six. Compulsory education lasts nine years, and students fulfil the requirement by completing the school year in which they reach the last year of compulsory education.
From CRC/C/11/Add. 11 of 17 June 1996
33. Compulsory school attendance is nine years of elementary school.
196. Elementary schools or special elementary schools and secondary schools form the basis of general education of citizens. The process of elementary education usually begins at the age of 6 and lasts nine years, i.e. for the period of compulsory school attendance. […]
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| Minimum age of employment |
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From CRC/C/83/Add. 4 of 17 June 2002
42. According to section 11 (1) of the Labour Code (Law No. 65/1965 Coll.) the age limit at which a child can be employed is 15 years. According to section 11 (2), a person, who completes compulsory school education in a remedial school before reaching the age of 15 can be employed as of the day when she/he completes the compulsory education; however, she/he must be at least 14 years old. The Labour Code governs conditions for employing minors (that is, persons aged 15-18 years of age) in part three, sections 163 to 168. The legal regulation states that an employer is required to ask for the legal representative's consent to conclude an agreement with a minor employee. The employer may not assign minor employees overtime work and night work. In exceptional cases minors aged 16 or more may perform night work not exceeding one hour, if it is necessary for their professional training. Minors may not be given work underground mining minerals or digging tunnels and shafts; minors also may not be given work which, taking into account the anatomical, physiological and psychological features at that age are disproportionate, dangerous, or damaging to their health.
316. […] the provision of the Labour Code, under which natural persons who complete compulsory education in a remedial school before reaching the age of 15 acquire capacity for labour law purposes on the day they complete compulsory education, but no earlier than upon reaching the age of 14, cannot be used in practice at present. The 1990 amendment to the Schools Act (Act No. 522/1990 Coll.) repealed the provision under which compulsory education in a remedial school lasted eight years. Under sections 33 and 34 of the Schools Act, compulsory education lasts a minimum of nine years. […]
From CRC/C/11/Add. 11 of 17 June 1996
35. Section 11 of the Labour Code stipulates that natural persons acquire the capacity to have rights and duties in labour relations and the capacity, by their own legal acts, to acquire these rights and take on these duties on the day they reach the age of 15. However, employers must not make an agreement with them that their employment will start on a day which precedes the day when that person completes the compulsory school attendance.
36. The provisions of section 70 (b) of the Labour Code apply to the age requirements for subsidiary (part-time) employment which cannot be agreed with a minor. Contracts for work performed outside normal employment may be concluded with minors only if it does not infringe their health and development, or for vocational training.
257. A person who has finished compulsory school attendance at an auxiliary school prior to reaching the age of 15 acquires the employment law capacity on the day that his compulsory school attendance is completed, but at the earliest on the day he reaches the age of 14.
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| Minimum age for marriage |
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From CRC/C/83/Add. 4 of 17 June 2002
33. Also related to reaching majority are the provisions of section 13 of the Act on the Family (Act No. 94/1963 Coll., as amended by Act No. 91/1998 Coll.), which states that a minor cannot enter into marriage; however, exceptionally, if it is in accordance with the social purpose of marriage, the court may, for important reasons, permit a minor over the age of 16 to enter into marriage. Without such permission the marriage is invalid and marriage cannot take place with a minor under the age of 16 at all.
From CRC/C/11/Add. 11 of 17 June 1996
34. Under section 13 of the Family Act a marriage can be concluded on attaining majority, i.e. upon reaching the age of 18. Minors older than 16 may get married only with the consent of a court.
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| Minimum age for criminal responsibility |
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From CRC/C/83/Add. 4 of 17 June 2002
38. Under section 11, of the Criminal Code (Act No. 140/1961, as amended by later regulations) a person who has not reached the age of 15 at the time of committing a crime is not criminally liable. […]
From CRC/C/11/Add. 11 of 17 June 1996
232. From the point of criminal offence and their share in the structure of offenders, juvenile offenders are divided into two categories: children aged less than 15 years, and juveniles aged between 15 and 18 years.
239. Under section 11 of the Penal Code a person who had not attained 15 years of age at the time of committing a crime cannot be held liable for it. However, in compliance with the conditions set by law, this person can be placed in protective custody. On attaining 18 years of age, a person becomes fully liable for his/her acts. Under section 33 of the Penal Code, infringement of penal law at an age close to the age of adolescence is generally considered as a mitigating circumstance.
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